Health care systems are transforming themselves to deliver the “Triple Aim” of providing better care and a better patient experience, improving the health of populations, and lowering the cost of care. With this in mind, the American Board of Medical Specialties and its 24 member boards in 2006 adopted new standards for physician certification and maintenance of certification (MOC). Meeting MOC requirements is applicable to all board-certified physicians and has four parts that physicians complete every three to 10 years: Part I: Licensure and Professional Standing; Part II: Lifelong Learning and Self-Assessment; Part III: Cognitive Expertise; and Part IV: Practice Performance Assessment.