article thumbnail

Management’s Three Eras: A Brief History

Harvard Business Review

Organizations still emphasize exploitation of existing advantages , driving a short-term orientation that many bemoan. By the early 1900’s, the term “management” was in wide use, and Adam Smith’s ideas came into their own. The goal was to optimize the outputs that could be generated from a specific set of inputs.

article thumbnail

10 Principles For Developing Strategic Leaders

Tanveer Naseer

Classroom-based training is, after all, typically easier and less expensive to implement; it’s evidence of short-term thinking, rather than long-term investment in the leadership pipeline. Your goal in reflection is to raise your game in double-loop learning.