When redesigning the new and expanded emergency room at the Mayo Clinic’s Saint Marys Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, Mayo leaders didn’t just want to add more rooms and square feet. They saw it as an opportunity to completely transform the operation to improve care and the patient experience and to lower costs. To that end, they decided to have a team study how care is delivered, identify the barriers to smooth operations, and fix the barriers. In other words, they created a living lab of the Clinic’s largest emergency department.