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Management’s Three Eras: A Brief History

Harvard Business Review

Prior to the industrial revolution, of course, there wasn’t much “management” at all – meaning, anyone other than the owner of an enterprise handling tasks such as coordination, planning, controlling, rewarding, and resource allocation. The goal was to optimize the outputs that could be generated from a specific set of inputs.

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Where are you on the management scale of newbie to expert hacker?

Ask Atma

And the Fundaments of managing by objectives : Cascading of organizational goals and objectives, (For example, a top level goal of increasing sales by 20% over a defined period may require a bottom level goal of increasing marketing effectiveness or marketing coverage in order to reach the sales set.).