If you’ve ever spent time in a hospital — either as a patient, staff member, or visitor — then you know that institutional health care is extremely complicated by nature. Technology aside, reflect on all the people who need to be orchestrated to care for a single patient: Personal primary physician, departmental attending physician, multiple residents and interns, medical students, several shifts of nurses, social workers, dietitians, transport staff, administrative staff, maintenance workers, pharmacists, radiologists, technicians, laboratory staff, special service providers (e.g., occupational therapy or rehab), and many more. Of course at any given time each of these professionals is dealing with multiple patients and dozens of special requests. So, unlike a factory where work flows can be standardized, each patient in a hospital is unique and requires special treatment.