Harvard Business Review

JULY 28, 2016

Through Paypal, Nigerians spent $610 million via their mobile phones on international shopping in 2015, depriving local banks forex fees. But banks cannot control the rules of engagement as they have in the past, since customers now have more choices and are more fragmented, and disintermediation by fintech is making it harder to earn fees.

Banking 8

Banking Industry Disintermediation Offshoring 8

Harvard Business Review

JULY 12, 2017

Intermediaries or “trust brokers” do not have to be written out of the equation — or disintermediated — as many blockchain enthusiasts argue. In 2015 these top three players generated 48% of the revenues among the top 50 brokers in the U.S. Rather, they can become early adopters of the technology.

Insurance 11

Insurance Industry Policies Market Penetration 11

Harvard Business Review

MARCH 14, 2017

household participates in 29 different loyalty programs, according to the 2015 Colloquy Loyalty Census. Many industries have experienced disruption, due to technologies that successfully reduced inefficiencies and frictions, often disintermediating established players in the process. The average U.S. The Benefits of Disruption.

Loyalty 12

Loyalty Customer Loyalty Travel Hotels 12