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How Apple Pushes Entire Industries Forward

Harvard Business Review

But putting it into practice required an entire ecosystem to move in unison — merchants, consumers, credit card companies, and banks. It’s an expert use of product design, network effects, and game theory all wrapped up in one move. Something that only a company with the massive reach of Apple could do.

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How Blockchain Applications Will Move Beyond Finance

Harvard Business Review

Through a clever mix of game theory and cryptography, bitcoin replicates financial systems’ ability to transfer value, but without any of the labor typically involved in running and securing transactions. But the practical applications for blockchain technology go way beyond financial assets.