Benchmarking Discounted Cash Flow Marketing Net Present Value 
Harvard Business Review
MARCH 10, 2011
When executives evaluate a potential investment, whether it's to build a new plant, enter a new market, or acquire a company, they weigh its cost against the future cash flows they expect will spring from it. How can that be when the same information about the stock's underlying company and markets are available to both?
Harvard Business Review
JUNE 18, 2015
We also know that private equity funds have outperformed public equity markets over the last three decades , even after the fees they charge are accounted for. Such investments carry significant equity risk, suggesting that equity-based benchmarks like public market equivalents (PMEs) are appropriate.
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