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How the U.S. Can Rebuild Its Capacity to Innovate

Harvard Business Review

Invest in hardware startups and scale-ups. The result: most still had to go to China or elsewhere to scale production up to commercial levels. has generally decreased these types of investments, leaving startups and scale-ups to piece together their own funding. They’re an important basis of “bottom-up innovation.”

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The Core Incompetencies of the Corporation

Harvard Business Review

Absent the bloodshed, the dynamics of change in the world’s largest companies aren’t much different from what one sees in a poorly-governed, authoritarian regime – and for the same reason: there are few, if any, mechanisms that facilitate proactive bottom-up renewal. Second, large organizations are incremental.