2010 Fixed Costs Leadership Software 
Harvard Business Review
JULY 27, 2017
This meant that the company was leaving out huge innovation potential — thousands of startups with billions of funding — that could help BMW innovate anything from core vehicle technology (batteries, sensors, artificial intelligence software) to manufacturing innovations (internet of things, cybersecurity, robotics).
Harvard Business Review
JANUARY 5, 2017
Because more people used PCs, and wrote software for them, they became the default choice for nearly everyone. ” It explains why firms that have anchored their strategies to content have ceded digital leadership to those that have focused on connections. Fixed costs have always been central to the economics of media.
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