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Recommended Resources – An Interview with Paul Leinwand and Cesare Mainardi, authors of The Essential Advantage

Strategy Driven

Those companies that focus on building a system of three to six best-in-class, interlocking capabilities that support their way to play achieve a right to win in their industries. This, in turn, increases the company’s leverage with suppliers and allows it to be extraordinarily efficient in moving inventory and managing working capital.

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China's Stubbornly High Food Prices

Harvard Business Review

This trend will undoubtedly persist because of increasing urbanization, the continuing growth of the Chinese middle class, and the low level of meat imports. Indeed, it would be ironic if the creation of a modern agriculture sector in socialist China were to be marked by the return of a class of landlords.

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Creating Michelin-star Quality for the Masses

Harvard Business Review

But it's this set of beliefs that explains why Western companies fail to succeed in emerging markets where middle class consumers demand good quality at low prices, and why these companies struggle to develop value-for-money products for their home markets during slow growth times like these. Operating such restaurants is expensive.

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Why Multinationals Are Doubling Down on Russia

Harvard Business Review

And prior to the latest economic challenges, its middle class was estimated to account for as much as 60% of the total population. While the middle class has been eroded by currency depreciation and recession, the Russian consumer remains technologically savvy, interested in quality Western brands, and able to spend.

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Telecom's Competitive Solution: Outsourcing?

Harvard Business Review

Due to huge capital requirements, these investments could exert considerable pressure on the working capital of the carrier company. Bharti's innovative business model converted fixed costs in capital expenditure to a variable cost based on usage of capacity. to $0.005 per minute, perhaps the lowest rates in the world.

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A Playbook for Making America More Entrepreneurial

Harvard Business Review

Although it’s difficult to measure directly, entrepreneurship is understood to be a way to a middle class life. The type of capital required and its source depends on the type of business, its stage of life, and its strategy for the future. A supplier might need a working capital loan to finance a big order.

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How One CEO Grows Her Business with Feeling

Harvard Business Review

As product is sold, some of the initial working capital that SHE puts up is paid back, with the entrepreneurs eventually owning their local franchises. In turn, SHE reinvests its profits in new geographies or other disruptive enterprises. The biggest challenges I have on a daily basis are with regard to human emotions," she says.