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Some of the Most Successful Platforms Are Ones You’ve Never Heard Of

Harvard Business Review

These card networks were allowed to charge their members just enough to cover cost and provide working capital. Then the banks decided to turn the associations into for-profit companies, IPO them, and cash out. Then the banks decided to turn the associations into for-profit companies, IPO them, and cash out.

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How to Know If a Spin-Off Will Succeed

Harvard Business Review

In parallel, it reduced its fixed costs by restructuring its industrial footprint and overhead structure; increasing sales, marketing, and R&D expenditures in targeted areas; and dramatically reducing working capital. Does the business have an adequate financial structure?