Bureaucracy Finance Management Net Present Value 
Harvard Business Review
FEBRUARY 24, 2011
Imagine if managements, boards, and investors adopted them: we could restart our economy, energize our business school curricula and create prosperity for our children and grandchildren. But why compare apples (book value) to oranges (share price and dividends)? In all but seven of these 45 years, Berkshire beat the S&P.
Harvard Business Review
MAY 1, 2017
Today, the average cost of equity capital sits at close to half that: just 8% for the roughly 1600 companies comprising the Value Line Index. So, in real terms, debt financing is essentially free. In these circumstances, strategies that generate faster growth create more value for most companies than those that improve profit margins.
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