Cost Energy Fixed Costs Innovation 
Harvard Business Review
MAY 21, 2015
The costly and complex operations of transporting energy have made utilities natural monopolies, while regulatory barriers and the high fixed costs of building and maintaining regional electrical grid infrastructure have also kept much competition at bay. This story of disruption should feel familiar.
Harvard Business Review
JUNE 25, 2013
Almost 80 years ago, Ronald Coase won the Nobel Prize in Economics for an essay that suggested that we do this for the sake of scalable efficiency — it costs less to coordinate activity within a firm than across independent entities. The cost and difficulty of coordinating activities across entities, on a global scale, is far lower now.
Expert insights. Personalized for you.
8 
Let's personalize your content