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When America Was Most Innovative, and Why

Harvard Business Review

A major challenge in business and policy spheres is to understand the environments that are most conducive to innovation. For instance, in 1880 most inventive activity was the result of inventors operating outside the boundaries of firms. The competitiveness of the U.S. One way to do that is to look to history. was so innovative.

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Fighting Inflation, Ruining Economies

Harvard Business Review

debt was 98% of GDP, its deficit 10% of GDP; Spanish debt was 69% of GDP, its deficit 8.5% The difference is that the United States has its own money , the dollar, while Spain operates on foreign money , the euro. Finance Minister Domingo Cavallo (himself a Harvard economics Ph.D.) Why can the U.S. In 2011, U.S.

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Fixing the World's Infrastructure Problems

Harvard Business Review

How well they''re built and operated is crucial to economic growth and is a key arbiter of an economy''s competitiveness — and yet, virtually every economy faces an array of infrastructure challenges. of GDP (PDF) is necessary to raise infrastructure in the region to the standard of developed East Asian countries.

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Small and Young Businesses Are Especially Vulnerable to Extreme Weather

Harvard Business Review

they account for 50% of employment and 45% of GDP. Firms applied for credit to finance recovery. Despite the need for credit to finance recovery, disasters can also constrain the capacity of lenders to supply it because so many households and businesses are affected at once. In the U.S.,

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Global Demand for Food Is Rising. Can We Meet It?

Harvard Business Review

Farmers must also grow more on the land they currently operate through what is called “sustainable intensification.” And because banking sectors in developing countries give fewer loans to farmers (compared to the share of agriculture in GDP), investments by both farmers and large corporations are still limited.

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How To Choose The Next Head of the Fed

Harvard Business Review

The New York Times recently published a 2000-word article trying to divine the likely policies of Summers versus Yellen. We think relative monetary policy expertise is far from the key factor that should bias us toward one over the other. The financial industry accounts for about 8% of GDP, but about 32% of corporate profits.

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The Global Rise of Female Entrepreneurs

Harvard Business Review

Women-owned entities in the formal sector represent approximately 37% of enterprises globally — a market worthy of attention by businesses and policy makers alike. That''s 224 million women impacting the global economy — and this survey counts only 67 of the 188 countries recognized by the World Bank.