Cost Horizontal Integration Management Operations 
Harvard Business Review
AUGUST 16, 2013
Improving Operational Efficiency. IT has been primarily used to significantly increase productivity and reduce communication and coordination costs as measured in money and time. The biggest opportunities for these companies are simplification and horizontal integration projects. IT management Information & technology'
Harvard Business Review
DECEMBER 14, 2012
In big companies, management teams focus on achieving the right level of vertical integration. With every degree of verticalization now made possible by information and communications technologies, the right scope of operations for any given firm is an open question. This kind of fragmentation commonly results from growth.
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