Licensing Merchandising Supply Chain Technology 
Harvard Business Review
MAY 30, 2014
Digital technology overwhelmed Kodak’s once-formidable business in photography. Frito-Lay’s direct-to-store delivery capability, Inditex’s fast-fashion supply chain, and Toyota’s production system took years to hone into true sources of enterprise differentiation. Smartphones destroyed Nokia’s cell phone business.
Harvard Business Review
NOVEMBER 19, 2018
And academic research has found that rising industry concentration correlates with the patent-intensity of an industry, suggesting “that the industries becoming more concentrated are those with faster technological progress.” Walmart went from a 3% share of the general merchandise retail market in 1982 to over 50% today.
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