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Today’s Organizations Are Outward Bound

Leading Blog

Vertical integration extended their chain of operations, bringing inside their boundaries suppliers at one end (“upstream”) and customers at the other (“downstream”). Partnering to venture jointly Here the borders blur further, as independent organizations partner to design, develop, and/or market particular products and services.

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When to Decentralize Decision Making, and When Not To

Harvard Business Review

As Henry Mintzberg noted in The Structuring of Organizations in 1979, “The words centralization and decentralization have been bandied about for as long as anyone has cared to write about organizations.” Having the same unit do more of the same task leads to continuity, standardization, specialization, leverage, and productivity.