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?Numbers Show Apple Shareholders Have Already Gotten Plenty

Harvard Business Review

9, armed with about 1% of Apple’s outstanding stock, the hedge-fund activist published an open letter to Apple CEO Tim Cook, urging him to accelerate the company’s stock repurchases by making a tender offer. Another hedge-fund activist, David Einhorn, was then playing that role). Apple Economy Innovation'

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How Amazon Trained Its Investors to Behave

Harvard Business Review

Well, he's a hedge fund veteran who has always taken a skeptical view of Wall Street, treating it more as a loopy rich uncle than the efficient information processor of standard finance theory. Clayton Christensen has long complained that standard financial metrics can be enemies of innovation and growth. How has Bezos done this?