Finance Innovation Marketing Net Present Value 
Harvard Business Review
JUNE 8, 2018
The market caps of just four companies, Apple, Alphabet, Amazon, and Microsoft, now exceed $3 trillion. Their combined assets of $944 billion are an order of magnitude lower than the combined assets of $7,700 billion of the largest 3,177 companies in 1986, when the aggregate market capitalization reached $3 trillion for the first time.
Harvard Business Review
SEPTEMBER 27, 2012
Once they understood the rules and their underlying rationale, ALL's employees generated a series of innovative proposals based on what they had to work with. To prioritize projects, for instance, the ALL team could have forecast future cash flows for every potential investment and ranked all proposals on the basis of their net present value.
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