Bureaucracy Finance Net Present Value Productivity 
Harvard Business Review
FEBRUARY 24, 2011
But why compare apples (book value) to oranges (share price and dividends)? Buffett explains that book value is the best proxy for "intrinsic value," the net present value of all estimated future cash flows. Consider that since 1965, Berkshire's book value grew 434,057% and the S&P index grew only 5,430%.
Harvard Business Review
MAY 1, 2017
Today, the average cost of equity capital sits at close to half that: just 8% for the roughly 1600 companies comprising the Value Line Index. So, in real terms, debt financing is essentially free. In these circumstances, strategies that generate faster growth create more value for most companies than those that improve profit margins.
Expert insights. Personalized for you.
14 
Let's personalize your content