Development Finance Fixed Costs Innovation 
Harvard Business Review
MAY 21, 2015
The costly and complex operations of transporting energy have made utilities natural monopolies, while regulatory barriers and the high fixed costs of building and maintaining regional electrical grid infrastructure have also kept much competition at bay. This story of disruption should feel familiar.
Harvard Business Review
MAY 19, 2015
Hailed in the 1960s as bastions of sophisticated management, they used cheap financing to acquire, then rationalize, many family-owned firms. With GE’s recent announcement to split off its remaining finance operations , and Honeywell also considering divestment, the pressure on these groups remains in force.
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