Market Penetration Operations Productivity Technology 
Harvard Business Review
JULY 5, 2011
Technology companies signed up and supported them. Kenyan groups understand frugal engineering suitable for the local market and are carefully adapting mobile technologies with African flavors. Today, most mobile payment firms operating in Africa have Kenyan origins. Using students to create new markets is not new.
Harvard Business Review
OCTOBER 24, 2013
These chains seem intent on undoing what national brands have worked so hard to achieve in the nearly 100 years that have passed since the first retail chains were established: consistency of product, brand image, and experience. It takes organizational, cultural, and operational changes. There are other operational considerations.
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Harvard Business Review
JANUARY 29, 2018
For the former, we examined the presence and market penetration of disruptor companies; we also considered incumbents’ financial performance. For the latter, we measured incumbents’ operational efficiency, commitment to innovation, and defenses against attack. Others are exploring subscription models.
Harvard Business Review
SEPTEMBER 9, 2015
Welch was convinced that the speed of globalization and technological innovation in the 21 st century would require companies to work very differently – with shorter decision cycles, more employee engagement, and stronger collaboration than had previously been required to compete. This was delaying product production.
Harvard Business Review
MARCH 31, 2016
Studying these successes and failures, we’ve identified half a dozen key reasons platforms fail, all of which boil down to managers’ misunderstanding of how platforms operate and compete. For years Apple’s market penetration hung in the single digits.
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