Commitment Finance IPO Technology 
Harvard Business Review
OCTOBER 26, 2011
Between 2006 and 2008, more than $1 billion venture-capital dollars were channeled into startups focused on solar, wind and biofuel technologies. In the last year, however, early-stage investments in clean energy production technologies have fallen substantially (see the table at the end of this piece for more detail).
Harvard Business Review
NOVEMBER 7, 2018
More recently, it has gained attention as a way to finance new ventures, through what is known as an Initial Coin Offering (ICO). Less noticed, though, is ICOs appear almost antithetical to the standard approach to financing a risky venture. In fact, ICOs have upended the conventional pattern of staged experimentation and fundraising.
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Harvard Business Review
AUGUST 5, 2014
Booming public equities and a recovered IPO market generated record portfolio company exits and distributions from VC funds. LPs expect to be paid well to assume the high fees (2% annual fees on committed capital) and long illiquidity ( minimum 10 years) of investing in private equities. LPs pay VCs like asset managers, not investors.
Harvard Business Review
OCTOBER 23, 2013
But the reality for entrepreneurs outside of the established startup meccas is a difficult one: if you start a technology business somewhere other than the San Francisco Bay area, New York, or Boston, you’re stacking the deck against yourself. When it comes to the technology ecosystem, clusters are vital. But it is an important metric.
Harvard Business Review
MAY 30, 2013
Investors are involved for the long haul, understanding that startup managers will have to experiment and fail along the way to a successful IPO. Between your idea and the helm, there are legal departments, finance departments, marketing departments, other business units, channel partners, and sometimes even your customers.
Harvard Business Review
SEPTEMBER 4, 2015
We’ve found that CEOs of big pharmaceutical companies, for example, are more likely to have a background as company lawyers, salespeople, or finance managers, than one in medicine or pharmaceutical R&D. For example, Qualcomm’s CDMA mobile technology was a breakthrough that led to its IPO in 1991.
Harvard Business Review
OCTOBER 20, 2014
As I pointed out in my earlier post , the only funds that Apple ever raised on the public stock market was $97 million (about $274 million in today’s dollars) at its IPO in 1980. Deepen Apple’s commitment to support the educational attainment of the company’s labor force, including those bright young people who serve in Apple Stores.
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