Harvard Business Review

OCTOBER 25, 2018

We focus on economic profit rather than revenue size, market share, or productivity growth because these other metrics risk including firms that are simply large and may not create economic value. For cities, we analyze nearly 3,000 of the world’s largest cities by population that together account for 67% of global GDP.

Industry 12

Industry Company GDP Bottom-up 12

Harvard Business Review

JULY 9, 2012

The idea behind the latest maneuver is that recapitalizing European banks will reduce the correlation between the creditworthiness of a state's banking system and the creditworthiness of a State itself. And market participants were initially thrilled. Many countries have taken large equity stakes in their banks.

GDP 13

GDP Banking Bond Real Estate 13

Harvard Business Review

MARCH 14, 2017

The original reason given for the drastic demonetization action was to expose the so-called “black” market, fueled by money that is illegally gained and undeclared for tax purposes. According to a Bloomberg report , banks were estimated to have received 14.97 trillion rupees’ worth of currency demonetized.

Banking 10

Banking GDP Policies Real Estate 10

Harvard Business Review

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

Forget the deficit, monetary policy, stimuli, stock markets, corporations, taxes — that stuff makes my head spin (and apparently the economy as well). Small businesses constitute the majority of our GDP and have historically been the source of most new job creation. From 2000 – 2009, overall GDP grew by 17.8%

GDP 12

GDP Planning Cost of Capital Banking 12

Harvard Business Review

JANUARY 9, 2015

Interest rates of zero meant that central banks took to targeting asset prices – stocks and bonds – to boost spending. So one solution suggested by a growing number of economists in Europe is for central banks to “helicopter drop” money , and directly finance private sector spending. We need new policies.

GDP 8

GDP Bond Banking Policies 8

Harvard Business Review

JULY 25, 2011

To begin with, America's gross public debt as a percentage of its GDP is around 98ish (aka, its debt/GDP ratio). How high would America's debt/GDP ratio be if we added these costs? But the not-so-secret dirty secret is that, well, so does GDP itself. You probably don't want to know.

Crisis 14

Crisis GDP Cost Depreciation 14

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 26, 2012

debt was 98% of GDP, its deficit 10% of GDP; Spanish debt was 69% of GDP, its deficit 8.5% The United States has its own money because the Federal Reserve can — and will — print unlimited dollars to avert sovereign default or rescue banks. It can beg the European Central Bank to lend it money.

GDP 9

GDP Banking Price Crisis 9

Harvard Business Review

MARCH 22, 2011

Analysts have already reduced forecasted GDP growth rates for Japan by 0.5% at the market's close on Monday (3/14), erasing more than $300 billion of equity value, and lost another 10.6% for the first quarter of this year, and by more than 1.5% for the second quarter. The financial consequences are equally alarming. on Tuesday.

GDP 15

GDP Aggregate Demand Supply Chain Crisis 15

The Horizons Tracker

FEBRUARY 19, 2023

“I find that the unequal incidence of aggregate fluctuations in the labor market increases the aggregate marginal propensity to consume, providing a measurement for a key moment in a new class of heterogeneous agent models.” The paper highlights how recessions seldom affect workers, or indeed companies, equally.

Crisis 112

Crisis GDP Policies Bottom-up 112

Harvard Business Review

DECEMBER 22, 2010

trillion, roughly 10% of gross domestic product (GDP). Gross public debt is $14 trillion, or over 95% of GDP. On another front, the government is also on the hook for insuring bank deposits (including money market funds at the peak of the crisis), pension liabilities, and a wide range of other loans and liabilities.

GDP 15

GDP Net Present Value Crisis Cost 15

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 28, 2016

The Union has unquestionably been instrumental in a very long period of peace, stability, and growth grounded in economic interdependence, open markets, and international cooperation. And without this deepening, market doubts on the sustainability of the euro can only grow. Brexit may only be a sign of more to come.

Uncertainty 9

Uncertainty Politics Policies GDP 9

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 24, 2016

News of the United Kingdom’s vote to Leave the European Union shook financial markets Friday, and signalled the start of potentially years of economic uncertainty for Europe. The Bank of England said essentially ‘We planned for this’ and that £250 billion pounds are available to backstop the banks.

Banking 9

Banking Short-term Long-term Policies 9

Harvard Business Review

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

The past year has been difficult for many markets in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While SSA was predicted to grow above 5% year-over-year in 2015 at the beginning of the year, actual GDP growth is more likely to come in at around 3–4% year-over-year. Growth in 2016 is unlikely to be much higher.

GDP 8

GDP Politics Marketing Bottom-up 8

Harvard Business Review

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

Women-owned entities in the formal sector represent approximately 37% of enterprises globally — a market worthy of attention by businesses and policy makers alike. That''s 224 million women impacting the global economy — and this survey counts only 67 of the 188 countries recognized by the World Bank.

Globalization 13

Globalization Entrepreneur Banking Supply Chain 13

Harvard Business Review

AUGUST 5, 2015

While the men of Finisterre could flee economic conditions in Spain, there is no escaping employment market upheaval in the digital age. In emerging markets, labor’s share of GDP is declining in 42 out of 59 countries, including China, Mexico and India. So what are we to do?

GDP 8

GDP Porter Education Globalization 8

Harvard Business Review

AUGUST 27, 2015

So although you might expect that in a hypercompetitive environment, ambitious companies would constantly wrest market share from the leading firms, the reality is quite the opposite. Overall corporate profits are at record highs of roughly 21% of GDP. GDP growth could hit nearly 5% in 2016. economic performance.

ROIC 8

ROIC McKinsey GDP Company 8

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 28, 2012

Foreign aid, which can account for to up to 97 percent of a nation's GDP, is neither a long-term nor a sustainable solution to help the citizens of these fragile countries. Chief among these are access to capital, access to markets, and access to networks and skills development. SME owners face a slew of obstacles in conflict zones.

GDP 14

GDP Entrepreneur Finance Training 14

Harvard Business Review

MAY 5, 2016

But peruse some of the recent headlines about Iran , and you might wonder whether the market’s potential was overstated. The economy still hasn’t received a boost from sanctions relief, and many big banks that left the country have not returned. financial system for bank transactions related to Iran.

Tourism 8

Tourism Banking Due Diligence Hotels 8

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 17, 2013

Goldbloom founded the company after working as a macroeconomic modeler at the Reserve Bank of Australia and the Australian Treasury. growth in countries with debt/GDP of more than 90%, they came up with 2.2% The initial Reinhart-Rogoff research seemed to indicate a sharp dropoff in average growth after debt passed 90% of GDP.

GDP 9

GDP Bond Sample Sharpe 9

Harvard Business Review

JULY 9, 2015

For the last decade, Africa’s GDP has been growing quickly. The African Development Bank (AfDB) is the most visible organization tasked with shepherding that inclusive innovative growth. He also partnered with Nigeria’s central bank to create a $350 million risk-sharing fund to encourage more banks to lend to farmers.

Banking 8

Banking Globalization Credit Rating Short-term 8

Harvard Business Review

AUGUST 2, 2013

to 8% GDP growth rate already is a significant slowdown from the nearly 10% annual pace at which China''s economy had been growing until last year. China, with a per capita GDP of $7,827 in 2011 (in 2005 dollars, according to the latest edition of the Penn World Tables ), is getting close to that first landmark. to 8% growth rate.".

GDP 9

GDP Banking Finance Maturity 9

Harvard Business Review

DECEMBER 14, 2016

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a surprise in early November, demonetizing 500 and 1,000 rupee bank notes. In the meantime, retail and wholesale markets have stalled around the country. The disruptive action did not originate in a small segment of the market; it was launched nationwide.

Banking 8

Banking Cost Policies Supply Chain 8

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 12, 2012

Just like Ireland, Spain had a credit boom financed mostly with external debt, which meant that the balance sheets of their banks are now stuffed with bad debts as asset values collapse. Both governments have now injected billions into these ailing banks, to the detriment of their respective debt profiles. percent to 102.9

Real Estate 11

Real Estate Banking Construction Politics 11

Harvard Business Review

SEPTEMBER 28, 2018

The answer to those questions is threefold: Central Bank choices. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank followed broadly similar policies in reaction to the crisis, lowering interest rates and injecting liquidity. But GDP fell so much that the actual effect was to push up the ratio of debt to GDP. What went wrong?

Crisis 8

Crisis Policies GDP Politics 8

Harvard Business Review

FEBRUARY 17, 2016

GDP by 2020. In Kenya, half of the population uses M-PESA , a mobile payments solution that doesn’t require a bank account. Meanwhile, even middle-class Americans are being priced out of the housing market in states like California, where average low-tier property prices went up by 10% in 2015.

Cost 8

Cost Globalization Innovation Banking 8

Harvard Business Review

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Perhaps no term has so captured the global analyst community since the coinage of "emerging markets" itself. Clever turns of phrase can fool many except those who actually spent time in emerging markets and ask tough questions. In doing so, they often fail to ask the right questions beyond which acronym rolls of the tongue most easily.

Banking 14

Banking Politics Globalization GDP 14

Harvard Business Review

MARCH 16, 2016

Fixed capital investment in Cuba represents just 10% of GDP , which is half the regional average. To deflect attention from these challenges, the Cuban government has introduced various distortions into the country’s official economic statistics , which are used largely unaltered by entities such as the World Bank and CEPAL.

GDP 8

GDP Telecommunications Scenario Planning Travel 8

Harvard Business Review

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

GDP shrunk this year by 5.5% Our horrendous public debt is compounding and the public debt to GDP ratio will soon hit almost 200%, a level that can force our country to default on a most of what it owes. The new government has met with the cautious approval of the EU, the IMF, the markets and the international press.

Crisis 14

Crisis GDP Consensus Politics 14

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 16, 2014

CEOs are proactively engaging with emerging market government to spur economic development and create opportunities for their companies. In the fast growth markets of Asia, Africa and Latin America, national governments are responding to a more empowered citizenship, and looking for corporate partners to achieve their development goals.

Globalization 8

Globalization Development Supply Chain Long-term 8

Harvard Business Review

SEPTEMBER 29, 2014

In the 1900s, French mathematician-economist Leon Walras envisioned prices in a market economy being set by an auctioneer (since known as the “Walrasian auctioneer”) conducting continuous auctions for all kinds of commodities. Economists and market design. Admittedly, better pricing of options has been a mixed blessing.

Strategy 12

Strategy Black-Scholes Airlines Price 12

Harvard Business Review

MAY 31, 2016

Economic uncertainty around the globe has raised concerns that consumers could take cash out of banks – especially in negative interest rate envrionments — and hoard it. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are already considering it , while the European Central Bank is considering getting rid of large-denomination bills.

Banking 8

Banking Cost Policies Uncertainty 8

Harvard Business Review

JUNE 26, 2014

The unbanked pay four times more in fees to access their money than those with bank accounts, and they pay $4 higher fees per month for cash access on average than those with formal financial services. While the overall costs of cash usage in all these markets are daunting, the U.S. By FDIC estimates, 8.2% households are underbanked.

Cost 8

Cost Transportation Banking Retail 8

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 18, 2012

The choice of who will lead the World Bank has been made. It was a much-watched contest, as many had thought it might turn out otherwise—that the old boys' bargain, under which an American gets to lead the World Bank and a European gets the IMF, would cave in to pressure from everyone else. But haven't we heard this before?

Globalization 11

Globalization Banking Restructuring Politics 11

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 4, 2016

And while two years of shrinking GDP growth , sanctions , and a volatile ruble have led some companies like GM to leave the market, there has not been a large-scale exodus of MNCs from Russia. For multinational firms, Russia’s attractiveness lies primarily in the size and sophistication of its market.

Depreciation 8

Depreciation B2B Price Crisis 8

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 4, 2011

Nigeria moved from a GDP of $35 billion to $207 billion within a decade largely because of massive investment from foreign business partners in information technology and banking. Today, college graduates are opening knowledge companies that support one of the world's fastest-growing mobile markets.

AIDA 11

AIDA AIDAS GDP Education 11

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 7, 2016

This will shape agricultural markets in ways we have not seen before. And because banking sectors in developing countries give fewer loans to farmers (compared to the share of agriculture in GDP), investments by both farmers and large corporations are still limited.

Globalization 8

Globalization Supply Chain Policies Long-term 8

Harvard Business Review

APRIL 4, 2014

The Federal Reserve is projecting GDP growth of 2.8 For example, despite all the froth about how companies need to accelerate growth in emerging markets, three-quarters of the U.S. executives surveyed said they will continue to invest heavily in their home market, which is a largely mature and slow-growing economy.

Efficiency 8

Efficiency Maturity Strategic Planning Business Model 8